Extractivism, social explosion and territorial processes: effects of coal mining in Cesar and La Guajira, Colombia

The social uprising in Colombia since 2019 and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have exacerbated tensions re-vealing unusual territorial disputes. This article presents socio-spatial processes derived from the transformations induced by extractivism in the departments of Cesar and La Guajira, emphasizing the role of social mobilization. The ob-jective is to expose dynamics that reflect the territorialization of production relations. The intention that directed the in-vestigation was to capture guidelines that allow interpreting emerging conditions in regional environments impacted by extractivism. For this, official indicators were used, press monitoring and cartographic analysis of satellite images were carried out. It was concluded that there is a diverse ar-ticulation of social actors that arise from the existing territo-rial dynamics and challenge the bases of the extractivist mo -del. With this perspective, we reflect on the role of territorial planning in the face of the urgency of new alternatives that imply overcoming the current socio-environmental crisis derived from transnational mining.

Linking unlearning with the intention to recommend through destination image

Purpose: The intangible nature of tourism means that variables such as destination image (DIM) or intention to recommend (IR) are crucial for tourists, as they are reliable sources of information. However, since these are dynamic variables, they have been affected by Covid-19 and need to be updated. Based on the above, the purpose of this study is to examine how the unlearning (UL) process helps tourists to become aware of the new situation, relinquish old habits and relearn, thus, influencing DIM and the IR destinations. Furthermore, the relationship between DIM and IR is analysed. Design/methodology/approach: To analyse the proposed model, an empirical analysis was carried out through an online survey obtaining a valid sample of 457 Spanish domestic travellers. The data were analysed using partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Findings: Results show a positive effect between the UL outcomes and IR a destination, as well as a mediator effect of DIM on this relationship. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study analyses for the first time UL in the tourism sector as an individual process carried out by tourists and shows how it influences their decision-making process. © 2023, International Tourism Studies Association.

Design of a mechanical pedal valve to improve the use of water in plumbing systems

The use of water is a very important economic and environmental factor in all industrial sectors since the improvement in its use offers an optimization of this resource. The waste of water usually causes damages firstly to the environment by the supply sources, then to the industries by its high demand and to the hydrosanitary sources that the houses have. The valves have some control that allows a more comfortable use of this resource in sinks that provides some savings. Currently, there are valves that usually replace the traditional ones due to their automatic and/or mechanical operation, which allows for innovation and savings of this resource. In this sense, this research is oriented to the design of a mechanical pedal valve that allows a more comfortable and controlled control, thus granting the operator control in an immediate way, without wasting the fluid in the middle of the washing and avoiding a manual contact that in a certain way dissipates the risk of contagion of diseases such as Covid-19 by direct manipulation. An analytical methodology supported by computer aided drafting programs such as Ansys Fluent and SolidWorks was used. Finally, it was determined that, for the dynamic and static studies, the designed valve complies with the Colombian technical standard and the static design factors. © 2021 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.